简介

中国城郊生猪养殖业是在“菜篮子”工程背景下迅速发展起来的一种特征鲜明的区域性畜牧业，其存在和发展对保障城市居民肉类消费有重要作用。

然而随着市场经济的逐步完善，城市生猪产品供给格局也随之发生了很大变化，生猪主产省区开始替代城郊生猪养殖业成为城市生猪产品的主要供给来源。

城市发展与城郊生猪养殖业之间的矛盾也日益凸显，集中体现在养殖用地限制和环境治理困难两个方面，由此而来的政府干预也越来越多，一些城市的“禁猪”事件引发了广泛的社会关注。

在快速城市化背景下，面对自然环境和社会环境的双重制约，城郊生猪养殖业发展方式转变和结构调整成为亟待解决的问题，因此，本研究对城郊生猪养殖业发展的相关研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

本研究主要以北京城郊生猪养殖业为研究对象，具体研究了以下几部分内容。

①在梳理总结城郊生猪养殖业发展历程以及现状和进一步分析探讨城市化发展阶段的基础上，研究城郊生猪养殖业的竞争优势以及城市化对城郊生猪养殖业的作用机理。

②阐述城郊生猪养殖业规模结构变动，分析不同饲养规模成本收益以及生产效率。

③根据对城郊生猪养殖业环境问题成因的理论分析，基于北京郊区养猪场户调研资料，分析养猪场户环境治理现状和环境治理意愿影响因素，并对典型养猪场户环境治理行为选择以及存在问题进行案例分析。

④在阐述城市生猪产品供需环境和供给制度的基础上，分析评价北京城郊生猪生产供给、规模结构和环境治理方面的政策干预。

本研究得到的主要结论有：①北京城郊生猪养殖业发展阶段与城市化发展阶段有明显的一致性；②城市化对北京城郊生猪养殖业竞争优势、生产总量、布局以及饲养方式有重要影响；③北京城郊生猪生产以规模猪场为主体，中等规模生猪饲养在成本收益方面相对大规模具有优势，但两种饲养方式相对周边省市均不具有优势；两种饲养方式在生产率方面均呈负增长状态，且均处于规模报酬递减阶段；④北京郊区养猪场户环境治理行为和意愿受饲养模式、政府规制、养殖规模、可消纳土地等多方面因素制约；⑤扶持规模猪场建设是北京市保障猪肉自给率的主要政策措施，在供需基本平衡的情况下，延续该政策不利于市场发挥更大的作用；⑥北京城郊生猪养殖业环境治理通过项目带动取得了一定成效，但全面有效的治理还有很长的路要走。

本研究的特色和创新在于：①立足于北京城市化背景，从城市生猪产品供给、规模结构、环境治理等方面对城郊生猪养殖业发展调整的政策导向做综合系统的分析探讨，为建立与城市发展相协调的城郊生猪养殖业提供新的思路；②对城郊生猪养殖规模化的研究侧重城郊生产与主产省农区生产对比分析，为发展城郊生猪养殖业适度规模经营提供更全面的判断依据；③对养猪场户环境治理的研究结合了基于问卷调研的统计及计量分析和基于典型养猪场户访谈的案例分析，比较深入细致地研究养猪场户环境治理问题。

Suburban pig breeding industry in China is a signature regional animal husbandry rapidly developed under the background of ”Vegetable Basket Project”， and its existence and development plays an important role in ensuring meat consumption for urban residents. However, with the gradual improvement of the market economy, pig products supply situation in the urban area has also undergone great changes, and main pig producing provinces began to replace the suburban pig breeding industry as the major source of supply pig products in urban areas. Conflict between urban development and suburban pig breeding industry has become increasingly prominent, embodied in breeding land use constraints and environmental governance aspects, which has resulted in more and more government intervention. The ”Forbidden Pigs” incidents in some cities sparked widespread social concerns. In the context of rapid urbanization, facing with the dual constraints of the natural and social environment, suburban pig breeding industry development pattern and structural adjustment has become a serious problem. Therefore, this study on the development of suburban pig breeding industry is of great theoretical value and practical significance.With suburban pig breeding industry in Beijing as the research object, this research specifically studied the following parts. ①With the course and the current development of suburban pig farming were summarized and the development stage of urbanization was further analyzed, the competitive advantage of suburban pig breeding industry and the mechanism of urbanization on suburban pig breeding industry were studied. ② Changes in the size structure of suburban pig breeding industry were described, and cost-benefit and production efficiency of different herd sizes were analyzed to explore the suburban hog scale restructuring problem on this basis. ③ According to the theoretical analysis of causes of environmental problems of the suburban pig breeding industry, and based on the survey data collected from the outskirts of Beijing pig farm households, the status of environmental governance and factors of the environmental governance willingness of pig farm households were analyzed, and case studies on the environmental governance behavior of typical pig farm households and the existing problems were also conducted. ④ On the basis of illustrating the supply-demand environment and supply system of urban pig products, the specific analysis and evaluation of policy intervention in Beijing suburban hog production and supply, scale structure and environmental governance were performed.The main conclusions of this research are: ①Beijing suburban pig breeding industry development stage is obviously consisted with the development stage of urbanization. ②Urbanization has an important impact on Beijing suburban pig breeding industry in the aspect of competitive advantage, production, layout and rearing methods. ③Large-scale pig farm is the main body of Beijing suburban pig breeding industry, medium-scale pig rearing possesses relatively cost advantages compared with the large-scale ones, while the both two rearing methods do not possess cost advantages compared with the surrounding provinces. Besides, the two kinds of rearing methods have showed a negative growth state in productivity and are at the stage of diminishing returns to scale. ④The environmental governance behavior and willingness of Beijing suburban pig farm households are effected by feeding scale, government regulation, the scale of farming, the land consumptive constraints and other factors. ⑤Supporting the construction of the large scale pig farm is a main policy measure to protect Beijing pork self-sufficiency rate target, while in the case of a basic balance between supply and demand, the continuation of the policy will hinder the market function.⑥Beijing suburban pig breeding industry environmental governance have achieved some results through the project , but the comprehensive and effective governance still has a long way to go.Features of this research and possible innovations are: ①Based on the background of Beijing urbanization, this research analyzes the adjustment policy of the suburban pig breeding industry from the aspects of pig products supply, scale structure, environment governance, and provides a new idea for establishing the suburban pig breeding industry coordinated with the city development. ②Focused on the contrast between suburban areas and the main agricultural areas, this research analyzes the scaling of the suburban pig breeding industry and provides a more comprehensive judgment for the appropriate scale of operation. ③Combined the statistics and econometric analysis based on the questionnaire with the case analysis based on the typical interview, this research analyzes the environmental governance of the pig farm more intensively.Keywords: Suburban pig breeding industry；Urbanization；Scale；Environmental governance；Policy intervention。