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13.21(below) Cross-section of embryo showing different organs and tissues. ×300
13.20(above) Cross-section of embryo showing the formation of mid-gut(arrow).The ectoderm grows inward from both sides to form the tracheal system,the embryo stretches fur-ther toward dorsal side. ×180
13.19(below) Cross-section of embryo showing further development of the germ layer.The nerve system(n),genital glands(g),dorsal vessel(d)begin to emerge and the embryo starts to close at the dorsal side. ×180
13.18(above) The germ layer stretches upward showing ectoderm(E)and mesoderm(M). ×250
13.17(below) Cross-section of embryo showing the germ layer which has differentiated from a single cell layer to ectoderm(E)and mesoderm(M). ×300
13.16(above) Cross-section of embryo showing the invagination of the gastral groove(arrow),and the amnion(Am)surrounding the ventral side of the embryo. ×250
13.15(below) Hatching. ×27
13.14(upper right) The development of the larval body is completed with the caudal portion curled in the egg(arrow).The head muscles and mouth parts can be seen. ×100
13.13(upper left) The embryo elongates again,the development of all organs and tissues is basically completed.At this stage,fore-,mid-,and hind-gut,nerve system,silk gland,genital glands can be seen. ×100
13.12(lower right) The embryo starts to revolve to look like an“S”,which is called blastokinesis.At this stage,the mid-gut is half-formed(short arrow),and the nerve system can be seen(long arrow). ×100
13.11(lower left) The embryo shortens further. ×100
13.10(upper right) The embryo shortens and becomes thicker.The fore-gut and hind-gut have been developed and the appendages(arrow)distinctly developed. ×100
13.9(upper left) The embryo elongates to its longest and shows the mesoderm(arrow),stomodeum(S)and proctodeum(P). ×100
13.8(lower right) The embryo elongates further. ×100
13.7(lower left) The embryo goes on elongation and segmentation begins. ×100
13.6(upper right) The embryo starts to elongate and become narrow. ×80
13.5(upper left) The embryo is formed,but it is still a single cell layer. ×80
13.4(lower right) M ost of the cleavage energids migrate to the periphery to form the blastoderm under the vitellin membrane,the rest remain in the yolk. ×100
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