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- 1925-1931年，康奈尔大学和金陵大学，两所著名高校在这一时期的跨国合作，成就了中国农业科教发展史上出彩的篇章，谱写了一段动人的“南京故事”。彼时乱世，哀鸿遍野。为让民众摆脱贫困与饥饿，南京农业大学的前身之...
- 彩插
- 图1 芮思娄与骆伟夫图2 裴义理堂[康奈尔-金陵项目总部，以金陵大学农林科创始人、筹建者也是农林科首任科长裴义理（Joseh Bailie）教授的名字命名]...
- Foreword
- The Department of Plant Breeding is pleased to present this comprehensive documentation of what is considered to be the first notable example of international technical cooperation in crop i...
- A Pioneer Project
- “The first notable example of international technical cooperation in agriculture was the Plant Improvement project carried on from 1924 to 1931 by Cornell and the University of Nanking with ...
- Authors' Note
- The reader may be surprised at the omission of the names of most of the Chinese who rendered valuable service to the program but this omission has been intentional on the advice of and in se...
- 彩插
- Figure 1 John H. Reisner and Harry H. LoveFigure 2 Bailie Hall（named in honor of Joseph Bailie, founder and organizer of the College of Agriculture and Forestry, and its first Dean. Headquar...
- 芮思娄科长致骆伟夫教授的信
- 受世界教育会资助，由康奈尔大学纽约州立农学院作物育种系与金陵大学农林科共同参与的作物改良合作项目，起源于金陵大学农林科主任芮思娄1924年2月4日写给康奈尔大学骆伟夫教授的一封信。内容如下：“我们正在物...
- 项目方案制订
- 康奈尔大学作物育种系教职工就芮思娄科长信中所说事项进行了详细讨论，总体反应积极。有几位教授恰好要休学术假，可以考虑派出。不过，大家一开始就达成了共识，认为一个有价值的项目不可能仅靠一两年时间就能成...
- 中国的政局
- 作物改良合作项目始于民国十四年。当时，中国国内军阀割据，内战不断。 1927年3月24日，国民革命军从广州出发，一路北上，直抵南京。随之而来的动乱使得所有在宁领事馆工作人员及外国居民，包括金陵大学所有外籍教师...
- 金陵大学农林科
- 金陵大学农林科创建于1914年夏。当时只有1个班，共8位学生。设立农林科的目的是通过实施科学的农业和林业来防止饥荒再次发生。农林科的主要发起者及首任科长裴义理教授（Joseph Bailie）出生于爱尔兰，先后在爱尔...
- 合作试验场
- 截至1931年作物改良合作项目结束之时，已经与14个试验场建立了合作关系。这些合作场有效地促进了以金陵大学为中心的各项工作。其中，大部分合作场都属于传教站，驻有农业传教士或其他关注当地农业状况的人士。每...
- 参与项目的康奈尔大学教授
- 随着计划的深入，双方约定由康奈尔大学作物育种系派出3位教授参与此项目，分别是骆伟夫博士、马安师博士和魏更斯博士。派出这3位教授比派出其他完全从事教学工作的教师更为合适，因为当他们离开康奈尔前往中国期...
- 项目简介
- 此项目有两个主要目的：其一，通过适当的方法改良中国主要田间作物的品种；其二，在试验过程中培养大量中国农事指导员，使其能在康奈尔大学专家不再前往金陵大学进行指导之后继续开展调查工作。...
- 骆伟夫博士首次访华
- 实地研究工作始于1925年。骆伟夫博士是第一位到中国工作的康奈尔大学教师。他于4月10日抵达上海，受到芮思娄科长及夫人的迎接。第二天，三人一同抵达南京。芮思娄科长把他介绍给农林科的几位教职工，带他参观各种...
- 马安师博士首次访问
- 马安师博士是康奈尔大学派往中国工作的第二位代表。他于1926年3月24日抵达南京。沈宗瀚先生比马安师博士早几天到达。前文已提到，沈宗瀚先生获得了一笔奖学金。最初几天，他们主要是和金陵大学教职工会谈，熟悉将...
- 魏更斯博士首次访问
- 魏更斯博士是第三位被派到中国的康奈尔大学代表。他于1927年春离开伊萨卡前往中国，当时中国的政局并不乐观。问题是部分北伐军正从华南向华中和华北挺近。所有人都认为，军队会安静地经过南京，但是当魏更斯博士...
- 骆伟夫博士第二次访问中国
- 按计划，骆伟夫博士应于1929年再次返华视察项目进展情况。因此，他再次来到了中国。当然，他急切想要实地了解各类试验的情况。因此，在他抵达南京后不久，就与中方人员进行了一系列会谈。他特别关注的是试验工作是否...
- 魏更斯博士的第二次访问
- 魏更斯博士于1930年第二次来到中国继续作物改良项目工作。他于3月29日抵达南京，一直待到10月29日。从他返回美国之后写的报告中可以看出，他此次在华工作期间的生活繁忙而充实。他对所遇到的种种境况的反应，特别...
- 马安师博士的第二次访问
- 马安师博士于1931年再次来到中国继续作物改良工作。他也是康奈尔大学派往中国参加作物改良工作的最后一位专家。在返回美国之后，他撰写了一份极其详尽的报告，后来由金陵大学农学院作为1号特别报告出版，出版时...
- 试验结果
- 此处将展示部分试验结果。这里未罗列所有试验数据，但在此呈现的部分作物试验数据足以说明所采用的试验方法可以带来有价值的结果。某些新品系或品种带来的收成可能看起来似乎有点高，但这并不奇怪，因为值得注意...
- 育种与种子发放
- 在中国，小麦、棉花和玉米优良品种的发放开始于1925年之前。正如前面提到的，芮思娄院长培育出了“金大26号”小麦和“金陵黄”玉米。这两个品种都优于农户习惯于种植的当地品种，也都选自本地植株。发放的还有棉花选种...
- 人员培训项目
- 事实证明，人员培训是整个作物改良项目中最卓有成效的部分。这点从以下事实中即可窥见一斑：即使在战争年代金陵大学农学院西迁至成都期间，作物改良工作仍得到全面发展。培训采用以下形式：为期3周的系列暑期研修...
- 与政府的合作
- 前文提到一些当地政府农事试验场也参与了金陵大学农林科作物改良项目的合作。1930年，部分高层政府官员、国立中央大学农学院代表以及包括魏更斯博士在内的金陵大学农学院代表举行了多次会晤。最后，南京国民政府...
- 与中华基金会的合作
- 鉴于作物改良项目所取得的进展，金陵大学于1930年首次获得中华教育文化促进基金会的资助。在农艺学系和病理学系分别就作物育种和病害预防项目做了扼要的汇报之后，金陵大学获得了一笔每年1万美元的资助，为期3...
- 世界教育会
- 世界教育会由约翰·D·洛克菲勒二世于1923年创立。世界教育会提供资金支付康奈尔大学教授离校期间的工资，从而为作物改良项目的成功做出了巨大贡献。此外，1925年世界教育会还为沈宗瀚先生提供资助，以应付他于19...
- 作物改良项目成功的原因
- 作物改良项目能成功取决于诸多因素，难分主次。首先，最主要是人的因素，在本次项目中既包括中国人也包括美国人。那些专家都是美国人，他们拥有中国急需而且在大部分地区都紧缺的知识、技能与经验。他们的工作就是...
- 项目的重要意义
- 对台湾地区及其他国家的影响
- 以下陈述来自沈宗瀚博士：“该项目的影响是间接的，是通过中央农业实验所的12位专家实现的。他们是中国农村复兴联合委员会（Joint Commission of Rural Reconstruction）的主要成员，包括3位专员：钱天鹤， 1952-19...
- “王大麦”轶事
- 许多人往往认为，当美国院校的教师受邀前往他国参加某个项目时，他们只是去传授知识经验，为当地机构或东道主国提供帮助，却不能获得任何对其自身或所属机构有价值的信息。骆伟夫博士首次中国之行结束回国后，一...
- 对作物改良项目的评价
- 一位曾经见证作物改良项目的进展，有资格对项目做出客观评价的人做出了如下评价：（1）该项目是当前美国技术援助项目的先驱，也是当前美国国务院国际发展援助署开展的与大学合作项目的先驱。（2）该项目在一家学校...
- 译后记
- 原南京农业大学图书馆馆长包平教授，在受命编写新版《南京农业大学发展史》的过程中，根据学校有关老师的口述线索，主动联系康奈尔大学图书馆李欣副馆长、东亚图书馆郑立人馆长，确认了有一批关于两校合作的历史资...
- Dean John H. Reisner's Letter of February 4, 1924 to Professor H. H. Love
- The Cooperative Crop Improvement Program between Cornell University, through the Department of Plant Breeding of the New York State College of Agriculture, and the University of Nanking, thr...
- Formulation of the Program
- Dean Reisner's letter was discussed at length with members of the staff of the Department of Plant Breeding. Reactions were generally favorable. Several sabbatical leaves were due that might...
- Political Conditions in China
- The Republic of China was 14 years old when this cooperative undertaking began. These years were also the years of the war lords in China, who had carved out spheres of influence for themsel...
- The College of Agriculture and Forestry of Nanking University
- The College of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Nanking, Nanking, China, began work in the summer of 1914, with a class of eight students. It had been brought into being to cont...
- The Cooperating Stations
- Before this Cooperative Crop Improvement Program had come to a close in 1931, some 14 cooperating stations had become associated with it. These stations added greatly to the effectiveness of...
- Participating Cornell Professors
- As plans developed, it was agreed that three professors from the Department of Plant Breeding at Cornell would participate in the program, Drs. Love, Wiggans and Myers. It had been possible ...
- The Program
- The program had two main objectives. One was to develop by appropriate methods better varieties of the important field crops of China. The other was to train, during the course of the experi...
- Dr. H. H. Love's First Trip
- The first work in the field began in 1925 and Dr. H. H. Love was the first Cornell staff member to go to China arriving in Shanghai, April 10, where he was met by Dean and Mrs. Reisner and a...
- Dr. C. H. Myers' First Trip
- Dr. C. H. Myers was the second representative from Cornell to take up the work in China, arriving at Nanking March 24, 1926. As was mentioned earlier, a fellowship had been granted to Mr. T....
- Dr. R. G. Wiggans' First Trip
- Professor R. G. Wiggans was the third member of the Cornell staff to go to China, and when it was time for him to leave Ithaca in the spring of 1927, the political conditions in China did no...
- Dr. H. H. Love's Second Trip
- It was planned that Dr. H. H. Love would return to look after the program in 1929 and thus was making his second trip. Naturally, he was interested to learn first hand the condition of the m...
- Dr. R. G. Wiggans' Second Trip
- Dr. R. G. Wiggans made his second trip to China in 1930 to continue with the Crop Improvement Program, and arrived in Nanking March 29th, remaining until October 29, 1930. Dr. Wiggans had an...
- Dr. C. H. Myers' Second Trip
- Dr. C. H. Myers made his second trip to China in 1931 to continue the Crop Improvement Program; he was also the last staff member from Cornell to participate in the program. Upon his return,...
- Results from Experimental Work
- Some results obtained from the various experiments will now be presented. It is not proposed to present all the data, but to present enough from several crops to show that the methods being ...
- Seed Multiplication and Distribution
- Some distribution of good strains of wheat, cotton and corn began in China before 1925. As already mentioned, Dean Reisner had produced the Nanking No. 26 wheat and a variety of corn, which ...
- The Training Program
- The training of men proved to be the most important element in the entire program. The evidence for this lies in the fact that the crop improvement work continued to expand in every way even...
- Government Cooperation
- Reference has already been made to local government experiment stations that were cooperating with the College in the Crop Improvement Program. In 1930, conferences were held by a few promin...
- China Foundation Cooperation
- As a result of the progress made in the Crop Improvement Program, Nanking University was granted aid for the first time in 1930 by the “China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Cu...
- The International Education Board
- The International Education Board, founded in 1923 by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., contributed greatly to the success of the program by providing funds to cover the salaries of the Cornell ...
- Reasons for the Success of the Program
- Many factors entered into the success of this program, and it is difficult to assign priorities to them.First, most likely is the factor of people, in this case, Chinese and Americans. The s...
- Significance of the Program
- Ⅰ. In the field of Crop Improvement
- Ⅱ. In the field of training in China
- Ⅲ. In the field of training at Cornell
- Ⅳ. In the field of International Education
- Ⅴ. In stimulating Governmental Activities
- Ⅵ. A Continuing Program
- Ⅶ. Of benefit to the Agriculture of New York and several neighboring states
- Ⅷ. In Modern Terms
- The Influence on Taiwan and Other Countries
- The Wong Barley Story
- Many people are inclined to think that when a staff member of one of the Colleges or Universities in the United States is invited to go to some foreign country to participate in a program in...
- Evaluations of the Program
- The following evaluation is by one who had observed the progress of the Crop Improvement Program and one who was in a position to give a fair estimate of the program.“（1） This project was a ...
- Acknowledgements
- Thanks to Royse P. Murphy, who identified and retrieved this document, making it possible to re-issue it nearly a half-century after this pioneering effort was first described in 1963. Murph...
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